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Question Mark (aircraft)
''Question Mark'' ("''?''") was a modified Atlantic-Fokker C-2A airplane. In 1929 it was flown for a flight endurance record by aviators of the United States Army Air Corps to experiment with aerial refueling. ''Question Mark'' established new world records in aviation for sustained flight (heavier-than-air), refueled flight, sustained flight (lighter-than-air), and distance between January 1 and January 7, 1929, in a non-stop flight of more than 150 hours near Los Angeles, California.
==Background==
The first complete inflight refueling between two aircraft took place on June 27, 1923,〔While they had passed minor amounts of fuel in practice, the June 27 flight was the first aerial refueling mission, an attempt to set an endurance mark.〕 when two Boeing-built de Havilland DH-4Bs of the United States Army Air Service accomplished the feat over San Diego's Rockwell Field. Subsequently the same group of airmen established an endurance record of remaining aloft for more than 37 hours in August 1923, using nine aerial refuelings. In June 1928, a new endurance record of more than 61 hours was established in Belgium by Adjutant Louis Crooy and Sgt. Victor Groenen, also using aerial refueling.
2nd Lt. Elwood R. Quesada, an engineer of the U.S. Army Air Corps stationed at Bolling Field in Washington, D.C., had nearly crashed from lack of fuel in April 1928 while participating in a long-range rescue mission to Labrador. Working with a U.S. Marine Corps aviator from Anacostia Naval Air Station, he devised a plan to break the Belgians' record using aerial refueling.〔According to the January 14, 1929 ''Time Magazine'', in addition to Crooy and Groenen's air-refueled record, an endurance record of 65 hours 31 minutes had been set in 1928 by a pair of Germans, Johann Risticz and Wilhelm Zimmerman, but they had not refueled during the flight.〕 Quesada submitted the plan to Capt. Ira C. Eaker, an aide to Assistant Secretary of War for Air F. Trubee Davison who had also been on the April mission. Their mutual interest in air-to-air refueling led Eaker to forward it to Maj. Gen. James E. Fechet, Chief of the Air Corps. Both Fechet and Davison approved the project on the condition that it demonstrate a military application and not just as a publicity stunt.〔 Overall command of the project was given to Major Carl A. Spaatz〔In 1929 the legal spelling of his name was "Spatz".〕 the Assistant G-3 for Training and Operations in Fechet's office, who was on orders to take command of the 7th Bombardment Group at Rockwell Field.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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